Bismuth is mainly used to manufacture fusible alloys and safety plugs for fire protection devices, automatic sprinklers, and boilers. As a safe “green metal, ” bismuth is used in the pharmaceutical industry and widely in semiconductors, superconductors, and flame retardants. In the fields of agents, pigments, cosmetics, chemical reagents, electronic ceramics, and other fields, there is a strong trend to replace toxic elements such as lead, antimony, cadmium, and mercury. Bismuth and its compounds manufacture low melting point alloys, as metallurgical additives, and in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and other sectors.
- Composition of bismuth-based low-melting point alloys:Bismuth and lead, tin, cadmium, and indium form a series of low-melting point alloys, which are used to make electrical fuses, automatic device signaling equipment, etc.; bismuth and antimony, tin, lead, etc. are composed of lead alloys to cast characters. Not only can it perfectly display very fine strokes and dots, but it can also extend the service life of lead type; the solder alloy composed of bismuth, lead, and tin is an ideal welding material and is often used in military production; the mold made of the alloy of bismuth and tin, It is used for cold stamping of thin metal plates, which is not less than the strength of steel molds, and is fast to form and update. The alloy can be reused many times; the alloy prepared by bismuth and lead is used as a filling material for bent thin-walled tubes and can maintain The inner wall of the tube is smooth and clean, and the filler can be reused many times.
- Used as a metallurgical additive:adding trace amounts of bismuth to steel can improve the processing performance of steel; adding trace amounts of bismuth to malleable cast iron can make malleable cast iron have properties similar to stainless steel; adding 0.5% bismuth and 0.5% lead to aluminum can improve The machining properties of aluminum; bismuth is added to bronze and can be used to make wear-resistant bismuth-based bearings and gears; bismuth is also used to produce magnetic Taiwan gold with a high coercivity of 238733 A/m (3000 Oersted).
- Used in the chemical industry:Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) is used in the manufacture of chemical trials, bismuth salts, inorganic synthesis, glass ceramic coloring, manufacturing of high refractive index glass, nuclear engineering glass and as nuclear reactor fuel; bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) is used in plastics It is used as an additive to make the product glow with beautiful pearl luster, and can also be used to make lead-free pigments and cosmetics; bismuth chloride (BiCl3) is used to reduce flammable asphalt, creosote and non-drying oils.
- Bismuth is also widely used in semiconductors, superconductors, flame retardants, pigments, cosmetics, chemical reagents, electronic ceramics and other fields. It strongly tends to replace toxic elements such as lead, antimony, cadmium and mercury. Bismuth superconducting materials, mainly bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide 2201, 2212, and 2223 type oxides, have a high transformation temperature.
Bismuth is an important raw material for manufacturing bismuth-based high-temperature superconducting materials. In the future, it may become a new nuclear energy source that replaces uranium and has an immeasurable future. In February 2003, Igor and Ostrezov, deputy directors of the All-Russian Institute of Atomic Machinery Manufacturing, announced that they had discovered that a mixture containing lead and bismuth as the main components could undergo nuclear fission under certain conditions, and the mixture could be used as New nuclear energy. Relevant experts pointed out that using lead and bismuth as raw materials will be safer for nuclear power plants.
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